A persistent dryness of the cornea and conjunctiva due to decreased function of the tear glands. the cornea may be thickened and visual acuity may be decreased. See also conjunctivitis , tearing, decreased , vitamin a deficiency , and sjogren syndrome .

Alternative Names

Keratitis sicca; Xerophthalmia; Dry eye syndrome

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

Dry eye syndrome usually occurs in people who are otherwise healthy. It is more common with older age. It can be associated with rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosis, and other similar diseases. It may be caused by thermal or chemical burns.

Signs and tests

The tear film can be inspected at the slit lamp (biomicroscope) by the ophthalmologist. A dye such as Fluorescein or Rose Bengal may be placed in the eye to make the tear film more visible. The doctor may do a Schirmer test, measuring the rate of wetting of a calibrated paper wick placed on the edge of the eyelid.

Treatment

Wetting drops called artificial tears may be used for treatment. Lubricating ointments may help more severe cases. Tiny plugs may be placed in the tear drainage ducts to help the tears stay longer on the surface of the eye.

Expectations (prognosis)

Most patients with dry eye have only discomfort, and no vision loss. With severe cases, the cornea (clear window on the front of the eye) may become damaged or infected.

Complications

Ulcers or infections of the cornea are serious complications.

Calling your health care provider

Call your health care provider urgently if you have dry eyes and have a sudden increase in discomfort or redness, or a sudden decrease in vision.

Prevention

There is no way to prevent dry eye. Complications can be prevented by use of wetting and lubricating drops and ointments.